কথা না বাড়িয়ে সরাসরি যায় মূল পোস্টে।
Rule-4:
কোনো Sentence-এ যদি sometimes, often, always, regularly, daily, everyday, usually, generally, normally, ordinarily, occasionally ইত্যাদি থাকে এবং নিদিষ্ট কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ না খাকে, তবে Sentenceটি Present Indefinite হবে।
Usually father (walk) in the morning.
Ans : Usually father walks in the morning.
He (get) up early in the morning everyday.
Ans : He gets up early in the morning everyday.
Anwar sometimes (work) in his flower garden.
Ans : Anwar sometimes works in his flower garden.
Sabiha (learn) — her lessons regularly.
Ans: Sabiha learns her lessons regularly.
He always (disturb) — the students.
Ans: He always disturbs the students.
A good student (learn) — his lessons regularly.
Ans: A good student learns his lessons regularly.
Try yourself :
Rahman very often (come) — me.
Does he (read) — the newspaper daily?
Rule-5:
বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বোঝালে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।
Now the students (sing) — the national anthem.
Ans: Now the students are singing the national anthem.
The boys (watch) — the television now.
Ans: The boys are watching the television now.
They (enjoy) — a song now.
Ans: They are enjoying a song now.
Try yourself :
They (watch) — TV at this moment.
The farmer (cultivate) — his land now.
Rule-6: Sentence-এ have/has থাকলে Sentenceটি present perfect Tense হবে। যেমন,
She has (write) — a letter to her mother.
Ans: She has written a letter to her mother.
I have (have) — my meal.
Ans: I have had my meal.
She had (have) — her letter.
Ans: She had had her letter.
Try yourself :
Have you ever (be) — to the zoo?
Colombus has (discover) — America.
Rule-7:
কোনো Sentence-এ যদি already, yet, ever, just, just now, recently, lately, recently, today, this week/year, in the mean time, never, ever ইত্যাদি যুক্ত থাকে, তাহলে Sentenceটি Present perfect tense হবে।
Have you ever (be) to Cox-Bazar?
Ans : Have you ever been to Cox-Bazar?
I (receive) the letter just now.
Ans : I have received the letter just now.
He (join) there recently.
Ans : He has joined there recently.
I (not see) you this week.
Ans : I have not seen you this week.
Rabeya (take) — her dinner just now.
Ans: Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
I (see) — him recently.
Ans: I have seen him recently.
He already (reach) — home.
Ans: He has already reached home.
Try yourself :
Have you ever (be) — to the zoo?
Have you not (receive) — my letter yet?
Rule- 8:
Sentence-এ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। যেমন,
Every mother (love)__ her child.
Ans: Every mother loves her child.
One of the students (be)__ very brilliant.
Ans: One of the students is/was very brilliant.
Each of the boys (be)__present yesterday.
Ans: Each of the boys was present yesterday.
Try yourself :
Many a boy (ruin)__his career through laziness.
Neither of the two boys (be) ….. present today.
Rule- 9:
একই দৈর্ঘ্য পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb-এর Singular Number হয়।
Previously fifty miles (be) — a long way.
Ans: Previously fifty miles was a long way.
Twenty miles (be) — not a great distance now a days.
Ans: Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
Sixty cents (be) — was enough for him.
Ans: Sixty cents is/was was enough for him.
Try yourself:
Twenty dollars (be) — not sufficient in time.
Fifty cents (be) — enough at that time.
Rule-10:
Yesterday, ago, long since, long before, last night, last weak, last month, day before yesterday ইত্যাদি অতীত সূচক শব্দ বা Phrase sentence-এ থাকলে Past Indefinite tense অর্থাৎ Verb-এর Past form হয়।
I (draw) a picture yesterday.
Ans : 1 drew a picture yesterday.
I (get) the parcel last month.
Ans : I got the parcel last month.
You (visit) there long before.
Ans : You visited there long before.
The boy (go) — home yesterday.
Ans: The boy went home yesterday.
She did not (go) — to college yesterday.
Ans: She did not go to college yesterday.
Did he (come) — home yesterday?
Ans: Did he come home yesterday?
Try yourself :
The man (go) — London last week.
He (leave) — home last night.
Rule-11:
সাধারণত tomorrow, the after tomorrow, next, in future, in the time to come ইত্যাদি ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক বাক্য word/phrase থাকলে verb-এর future indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
We (not go) there in future.
Ans : We shall not go there in future.
Neela (come) from Dhaka the day after tomorrow.
Ans : Neela will come from Dhaka the day after tomorrow.
Rule-12:
Before দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে before-এর আগের অংশে Past perfect tense-এর পরের অংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়।
We (reach) our school before the bell rang.
Ans : We had reached our school before the bell rang.
The patient had died before the doctor (come).
Ans : The patient had died before the doctor came.
Rule-13:
After দ্বারা দুটি Past tense যুক্ত থাকলে এর আগের অংশ Past Indefinite tense এবং পরের অংশ Past perfect tense হয়।
They arrived the station after the train (leave).
Ans : They arrived the station after the train had left.
The patient (die) after the doctor had come.
Ans : The patient died after the doctor had come.
Rule-14:
No sooner had — than, Scarcely had — when, Hardly had — when: প্রথম অংশ Past perfect tense অনুযায়ী হয় অর্থাৎ Verb-এর Past participle form হবে। দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past Indefinite tense অনুযায়ী হয় অর্থাৎ Verb-এর Past form হয়।
No sooner had the bell (ring) than the teacher (enter) the classroom.
Ans : No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher entered the classroom.
Scarcely had he (arrive) at the bus stand when the bus (leave).
Ans : Scarcely had he arrived at the bus stand when the bus left.
Hardly had the snatcher (take) the chain when he (run) away.
Ans : Hardly had the snatcher taken the chain when he ran away.
Rule-15:
সাধারণত Since দ্বারা দুটি Clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং Since-এর আগের অংশ Present Indefinite/Present perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়। যেমন:
It is many years since he (give) up smoking.
Ans : It is many years since he gave up smoking.
Five years have passed since he (leave) the house.
Ans : Five years have passed since he left the house.
আশা করি সবাই নিয়ম গুলো মুখস্ত করবেন। আজকের মত এখানেই বিদায় নিচ্ছি দেখা হবে next পোস্টে.